Niyi Osundare, a celebrated Nigerian poet, dramatist, and academic, is renowned for his powerful use of poetry to critique societal issues. His poem 'What Business of Mine Is It' addresses the pervasive problem of societal apathy, urging readers to confront injustice and embrace social responsibility. Rooted in African storytelling traditions, the poem's universal message resonates with modern global audiences, reminding us of the importance of collective action. Through this analysis, we delve into the themes and relevance of this poignant piece in protest literature.
## Background and Context
Niyi Osundare: The Poet and His Legacy
Niyi Osundare is a distinguished Nigerian poet, dramatist, and academic whose works have earned critical acclaim both in Africa and globally. Born in 1947 in Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria, Osundare grew up in a society deeply rooted in Yoruba traditions, where oral storytelling and proverbs were integral to communal life. These cultural influences shaped his poetic voice, which often combines lyrical beauty with profound social commentary.
Osundare is known for his commitment to using poetry as a tool for social change. His work frequently addresses themes of justice, inequality, and political corruption, making him a prominent figure in African literature. A recipient of numerous awards, including the Commonwealth Poetry Prize and the Noma Award for Publishing in Africa, Osundare’s poetry transcends mere artistic expression to serve as a call to action against oppression and indifference.
Historical and Political Context of "Not My Business"
"Not My Business," one of Osundare’s most celebrated poems, was written against the backdrop of Nigeria's turbulent political history. During the late 20th century, Nigeria suffered under a series of military dictatorships characterized by widespread corruption, human rights abuses, and political suppression. Ordinary citizens often lived in fear, witnessing the persecution of activists, journalists, and intellectuals who dared to challenge the regime.
This climate of repression fostered a culture of silence and apathy, where individuals avoided involvement in the struggles of others to protect themselves. Osundare uses "Not My Business" to critique this pervasive attitude, highlighting the dangers of social indifference and the moral consequences of failing to act in the face of injustice.
Influence of African Oral Traditions
Osundare’s work, including "Not My Business," is deeply influenced by African oral traditions. The poem’s repetitive structure and conversational tone reflect the storytelling techniques of Yoruba oral literature, where rhythm, repetition, and communal participation play key roles. These elements make the poem more accessible and relatable, allowing it to resonate with audiences beyond the literary elite.
By drawing on these traditions, Osundare bridges the gap between modern written poetry and the oral heritage of African communities. This approach not only preserves cultural practices but also amplifies the message of the poem, making it a powerful tool for social and political engagement.
Universal Themes in a Local Context
While "Not My Business" is rooted in the specific socio-political realities of Nigeria, its themes of social responsibility and the consequences of apathy are universal. The poem speaks to a global audience, addressing the human tendency to ignore the suffering of others until it becomes personal. Osundare’s message transcends national boundaries, reminding readers everywhere of their moral obligation to stand against injustice, regardless of its immediate impact on their own lives.
This interplay between local context and universal themes is a hallmark of Osundare’s poetry, solidifying his status as a leading voice in African literature and a global advocate for social justice.
Poem Analysis
Structure and Form
"Not My Business" is a free-verse poem composed of four stanzas, each with a distinct yet interconnected narrative. The poem does not adhere to a rigid rhyme scheme, allowing the poet, Niyi Osundare, to focus on the fluidity of expression and the weight of the themes. The conversational tone of the poem reflects its roots in African oral traditions, where storytelling plays a pivotal role in community dialogue. The structure is cyclical, with recurring phrases and patterns that emphasize the repetitive nature of apathy and its consequences.
Voice and Perspective
The poem is delivered in the first-person voice, which creates an intimate connection between the speaker and the reader. This perspective mirrors the collective mindset of individuals who distance themselves from societal issues, encapsulated in the refrain "What business of mine is it?" The speaker’s detachment serves as a critique of individualism in the context of community struggles. By the poem’s end, this perspective shifts when the speaker becomes a victim of the very oppression they once ignored, highlighting the interconnectedness of human experiences.
Use of Repetition and Imagery
Repetition is a key stylistic device in "Not My Business." The recurring line "What business of mine is it?" reinforces the theme of social apathy and creates a rhythmic cadence that mimics the oral storytelling tradition. The repetition serves as a reminder of the speaker’s consistent indifference to the plight of others.
Imagery is another powerful tool used by Osundare. The poem evokes vivid scenes of oppression, such as the violent removal of Akanni and the silencing of Danladi. These images are deliberately stark, forcing readers to confront the brutal realities of political oppression and the cost of inaction.
Symbolic Elements
The poem employs several symbolic elements to deepen its meaning. The "yam" mentioned in the final stanza is a traditional African symbol of sustenance and survival. The confiscation of the speaker’s yam symbolizes the loss of personal security and livelihood when societal problems are ignored. Similarly, the "jeep" represents the machinery of power and oppression, a vehicle for the systemic removal of dissenting voices. These symbols connect personal experiences to broader political and social themes.
Thematic Elements
- Social Indifference: The central theme of the poem is the danger of apathy and the lack of collective responsibility. Through the speaker’s repeated denial of involvement, Osundare critiques the "every person for themselves" mentality prevalent in many societies.
- Political Oppression: The poem reflects the pervasive political violence in Nigeria during the time of its writing, capturing the fear and silencing of dissenting voices.
- Individual Responsibility: Osundare suggests that ignoring the suffering of others ultimately leads to personal consequences, urging readers to take an active role in societal issues.
- Collective Conscience: The poem advocates for a shared sense of responsibility, emphasizing that societal well-being depends on collective action.
- Consequences of Inaction: The final stanza serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating how apathy allows oppression to thrive and eventually impacts everyone, including those who remained passive.
Cultural and Social Impact
"Not My Business" is a cornerstone of African protest literature, resonating with readers across generations for its powerful message about social responsibility. It reflects the socio-political realities of Nigeria during the late 20th century, particularly under military rule, but its themes are universal. The poem continues to be relevant in contemporary discussions about political oppression, human rights, and the moral imperative to intervene in the face of injustice. It has inspired readers globally to reconsider their roles in their communities and the broader world.
Core Themes and Messages
The poem "Not My Business" by Niyi Osundare is a profound exploration of social responsibility, political oppression, and the consequences of indifference. Through its carefully crafted verses, the poem communicates urgent themes and addresses the moral dilemmas faced by individuals in an unjust society. Below, we delve into the core themes and messages that make the poem a timeless piece of African protest literature.
Social Indifference and Apathy
One of the central themes of the poem is the pervasive attitude of social indifference. The speaker narrates instances of oppression and injustice being meted out to others but chooses to ignore them, repeatedly rationalizing their inaction with the refrain: "What business of mine is it, so long they don’t take the yam from my savouring mouth?" This refrain underscores a self-centered mindset, where the suffering of others is dismissed with the assumption that it does not directly affect the individual.
Osundare critiques this apathy by showing how such indifference enables systemic oppression. The poem ultimately reveals that the speaker’s detachment offers no protection, as injustice eventually arrives at their doorstep. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of ignoring societal wrongs.
Political Oppression and Authoritarianism
The backdrop of the poem is steeped in the political climate of Nigeria during Osundare’s time, marked by military dictatorships and widespread repression. The acts of injustice described in the poem—arbitrary arrests, persecution, and silencing of dissenters—highlight the mechanisms of authoritarian rule. Each vignette of oppression points to a society where power is wielded unjustly, and voices of resistance are systematically crushed.
Osundare’s portrayal of political oppression is not merely a reflection of his immediate context but a universal commentary on the abuse of power. The poem speaks to the plight of marginalized voices in any society where authoritarianism thrives.
Individual Responsibility and Collective Conscience
A recurring message in "Not My Business" is the call for individual responsibility in the face of injustice. By illustrating the consequences of inaction, Osundare challenges the audience to reconsider the false safety of neutrality. The poem suggests that ignoring the plight of others erodes the fabric of collective conscience, leaving society vulnerable to unchecked tyranny.
The transition from detached observation to personal victimhood in the poem serves as a stark reminder that no one is immune to the ripple effects of injustice. Osundare implores readers to see the struggles of others as interconnected with their own, urging a shift from self-preservation to collective solidarity.
The Consequences of Inaction
The poem delivers a sobering message about the repercussions of apathy. By the end, the speaker is confronted with the very oppression they once ignored. This narrative arc illustrates the cyclical nature of injustice: when it is not confronted and resisted, it grows unchecked and eventually consumes all.
Osundare’s use of vivid imagery, such as the metaphor of the "yam," emphasizes the fragility of individual security in an unjust society. It becomes clear that silence and inaction are complicit in perpetuating the very systems of oppression that individuals hope to avoid.
Universal and Timeless Relevance
Although "Not My Business" is rooted in the socio-political realities of Nigeria, its themes are universally resonant. The poem speaks to the human tendency to prioritize personal comfort over communal responsibility—a tendency that transcends cultural and historical boundaries. From the Holocaust to modern-day social injustices, the poem’s message remains relevant wherever people choose silence in the face of wrongdoing.
Through its evocative language and powerful themes, Osundare’s poem transcends its African origins to address a global audience. It serves as both a critique of societal apathy and a call to action, challenging readers to recognize their role in shaping a just and equitable world.
Literary and Social Impact
Relevance to African Society
"Not My Business" by Niyi Osundare resonates deeply within the African sociopolitical context. Written in an era marked by political instability and authoritarian regimes, the poem serves as a mirror reflecting the struggles faced by individuals in many African nations. Its vivid portrayal of systemic oppression and societal apathy draws attention to the pervasive issues of human rights abuses, forced disappearances, and silencing of dissent. By illustrating the consequences of ignoring the suffering of others, Osundare challenges the reader to confront the dangers of complicity and the erosion of community values.
The poem highlights the collective responsibility of society in addressing injustice. In many African cultures, the concept of Ubuntu, which emphasizes unity and shared humanity, is deeply ingrained. "Not My Business" critiques the erosion of this communal spirit, urging readers to reaffirm their commitment to collective well-being. The poem's cultural resonance makes it a powerful piece of African protest literature, shedding light on the urgent need for social change.
Universal Message
While deeply rooted in African experiences, "Not My Business" carries a universal message about the consequences of social apathy. The poem's narrative transcends geographic and cultural boundaries, addressing a shared human tendency to turn a blind eye to the suffering of others when it does not directly affect oneself. This universal application makes Osundare's work relevant to audiences worldwide, as it calls for empathy, solidarity, and action in the face of injustice.
The poem serves as a cautionary tale, reminding individuals and societies that ignoring the plight of others can eventually lead to their own downfall. This theme echoes historical events like the Holocaust, apartheid, and other instances where widespread indifference allowed systemic oppression to thrive. "Not My Business" connects these global narratives, urging readers to recognize their interconnectedness and shared responsibility.
Role in African Protest Literature
As part of the broader tradition of African protest literature, "Not My Business" stands as a testament to the power of poetry as a tool for resistance and social critique. Throughout African history, writers and artists have used their work to challenge oppressive systems and amplify the voices of the marginalized. Osundare's poem fits squarely within this tradition, employing accessible language and vivid imagery to expose societal flaws and inspire action.
By addressing themes of political oppression and social indifference, the poem aligns with the works of other renowned African writers like Wole Soyinka and Chinua Achebe, who also used their literary platforms to critique colonialism, corruption, and human rights violations. "Not My Business" contributes to this legacy by offering a poignant reminder of the importance of vigilance, solidarity, and courage in the face of injustice.
Contemporary Applications
In today's world, "Not My Business" remains highly relevant, as issues of social injustice, political oppression, and systemic inequality persist. The poem's themes find echoes in modern movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, climate justice campaigns, and protests against authoritarian governments. Its call for action and collective responsibility resonates with contemporary audiences, inspiring individuals to challenge apathy and work toward a more equitable society.
The poem also serves as a teaching tool in educational settings, encouraging students to analyze its themes and apply them to their own contexts. By fostering critical thinking and empathy, "Not My Business" helps cultivate a new generation of socially conscious individuals who are prepared to confront the challenges of their time.
Consequences of Inaction
One of the most striking aspects of "Not My Business" is its exploration of the consequences of inaction. Through its narrative, the poem illustrates how indifference to the suffering of others ultimately leads to one's own vulnerability. This message is particularly relevant in a globalized world, where the interconnectedness of societies means that injustice in one area can have far-reaching effects.
Osundare's use of repetition and escalating scenarios drives home this point, creating a sense of inevitability that underscores the urgency of action. The poem warns against complacency, emphasizing that no one is immune to the consequences of systemic injustice. By highlighting the high stakes of inaction, "Not My Business" serves as both a wake-up call and a rallying cry for change.
Modern Interpretations and Relevance
Contemporary Resonance of "Not My Business"
Niyi Osundare's "Not My Business" continues to hold significant relevance in today's world, transcending its original cultural and historical context. The poem's exploration of social apathy and its consequences speaks to a universal human condition that remains pervasive in modern societies. The repeated refrain, "What business of mine is it?" mirrors the mindset of many individuals who choose inaction, whether out of fear, indifference, or a sense of powerlessness. This theme resonates in contemporary discussions on global issues, such as political oppression, social inequality, and environmental crises.
In the modern era, the poem's warning about the dangers of silence and inaction is particularly poignant. It speaks to the interconnectedness of human experiences and the ripple effects of ignoring injustices in our communities. Osundare’s work challenges readers to reflect on their roles in addressing societal problems, making it a timeless call to accountability.
The Poem in the Context of Current Social Movements
"Not My Business" has found a renewed audience in the context of modern social movements, such as Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, and climate activism. These movements emphasize collective action and the necessity of standing in solidarity with those who face oppression or injustice. The poem serves as a reminder that ignoring the struggles of others can lead to a society where no one is safe from the reach of systemic issues.
Osundare’s critique of social indifference is particularly relevant in the age of social media, where activism often takes the form of hashtags and viral posts. While digital platforms have amplified voices and raised awareness, they have also created a space where performative allyship—supporting a cause only superficially—often replaces meaningful action. The poem challenges this type of passive engagement and calls for deeper, more impactful participation in creating change.
Educational Relevance and Application
In educational settings, "Not My Business" is frequently used to teach students about the importance of social responsibility and the consequences of apathy. The poem’s straightforward language and vivid imagery make it accessible to a wide audience, while its themes encourage critical thinking about moral and ethical dilemmas. Teachers and educators often use the poem to spark discussions about historical and contemporary instances of oppression and to explore the role of individuals in resisting injustice.
The poem also aligns with initiatives promoting global citizenship education. By encouraging readers to recognize their shared humanity and the interconnectedness of global challenges, Osundare’s work fosters a sense of responsibility that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries. It provides a powerful lens through which to examine historical atrocities, such as the Holocaust or apartheid, as well as ongoing issues like refugee crises and racial discrimination.
Artistic Adaptations and Popular Culture
The enduring relevance of "Not My Business" is reflected in its presence in various forms of art and popular culture. The poem has been adapted into spoken word performances, theatrical productions, and even musical compositions. These adaptations highlight its emotional impact and ability to inspire collective introspection. Through these creative reinterpretations, the poem continues to reach new audiences and maintain its relevance in diverse cultural contexts.
In addition, the poem has been referenced in discussions about literature that critiques authoritarian regimes and systemic oppression. It is often compared to works by other African poets, such as Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka, as well as global literary figures like Bertolt Brecht and Martin Niemöller, whose famous quote, "First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out…" echoes similar themes of apathy and its consequences.
The Call for Modern Activism
In a world increasingly defined by polarization, inequality, and environmental challenges, "Not My Business" serves as a rallying cry for modern activism. Its message underscores the importance of moving beyond self-interest to recognize the collective stakes in addressing societal issues. Whether in the context of local communities or global challenges, the poem advocates for a shift from passive observation to active engagement.
Osundare’s work is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, where the failure to act decisively has dire consequences for future generations. Much like the poem’s portrayal of individuals ignoring injustices happening to others, the global community’s inaction on environmental issues highlights the dangers of deferring responsibility. The poem invites readers to consider the moral and ethical implications of their choices and to embrace a sense of accountability that extends beyond their immediate circumstances.
By continuing to challenge societal norms and inspire reflection, "Not My Business" remains a powerful tool for fostering empathy, solidarity, and a commitment to justice in the modern world.
Niyi Osundare’s 'What Business of Mine Is It' serves as a compelling critique of societal apathy and a call for compassion and action. Its themes of interconnectedness and accountability challenge readers to confront injustices in their own lives. As we reflect on the poem’s message, let us ask ourselves: 'When injustice comes knocking, will you stand or say, What business of mine is it?'